Brushless shaving cream



v @atented. Apr. 2,

eat-nut castes;

nsusmisss snavmo casein Wolf Kritch'evsh, miicago, m, .assl gnor m asProducts Corporation,

tion oi! Illinois Chicago, lit, a corpora- No Drawing. ApplicationFebruary 9, 1935,

Serial No. 5,861

13 Claims.-

Biy invention relates to shaving cream. It relates more in particular toa so-called brushless shaving cream of the type which does not depend vfor its action upon the latherlng effect of soap.

5 My present invention is a continuation-in-part of my co-pendingapplication Serial No. 646,497, filed December 9, 1932.

Preparations employed for shaving have in general a two-fold object.They soften the hair 19 as well as the skin on the face by emulsifyingthe natural oil present on the skin, and they also lubricate the skin sothat the razor will pass over the same easily.

Ordinary shaving soaps are made empirically 5 without any thought ofthese two functions, but it will be obvious that they must to someextent perform both functions in order tobe usable. Those skilled in theart have found that the use of ordinary soaps is not satisfactory andaccordgp ingly attempts have been made in the past to produce a shavingcream which would perform both functions required in a more satisfactorymanner. free fatty acid, usually stearic acid, and sufw ficient soap toemulsiiy the stearic acid in water. Some spermaceti wax or parafin orother waxes or similar compounds have also been used to make the creamnon-vanishing. Mixtures of the 7 types of substances describedemulsified with a 39 relatively large amount of water (sometimes withsome glycerine' added) are well known. When spread on the face, theyleave a substantial deposit oi the emulsified stearic acid and waxeswhich act as a lubricant to prevent the razor from 35 pulling orscratching.

In most of these preparations, a thorough washing of the face was firstnecessary to remove the natural oils. Otherwise, the cream of itselfwould not soften the beard. As a general rule, these creams have beenfairly efficient but they are still subject to considerable improvementto remedy their. outstanding defects. One dimculty has been that inorder to function satisfactorily as a lubricant, they had tohave arelatively large 5 amount of fats or wanes in relation to the soappresent and this caused them to be too greasy, mamng it hard to removethem from the face and from the razor. When the amount of wax inproportion to the soap present was decreased so 50 that they couldreadily be washed from the face or razor, these creams did not lubricatewell.

' Moreover, they all left something to be desired from the standpoint ofsoftening the beard.-

Still another short-coming was that the emulsions 5,5 were notsufiiciently stable and in cold weather These creams were made usuallyfrom they would: freeze and the emulsions break. Moreover, they couldnot be employed satisfactorily when the water employed on the face iscold.

The principal object of my invention is the 5 provision of an improvedshaving cream.

Another object is the provision of a shaving cream which obviates all 01the dlficulties hereinabove set out;

Another object is the provision of a shaving l cream which will softenthe beard even though the-beard has been washed only slightly or not atall before the application of the cream.

Other objects and features of the invention will be apparent as thedetailed description progresses.

I have found a relatively large class of chemical compounds which, as'far as I know, have never been employed in brushless shaving creamsheretofore. I have found that these chemical substances can be employedin creams, the major ingredients of which are fatty acids such asstearic acid and water. and'the entire product emulsified completely.Toe emulsion product produced has very exoeiient wetting properties inthat it tends to soft-en the beard to a much greater extent than any ofthe shaving creams heretofore employed. It has a great advantage inbeing readily washed from the razor, while the remainder left on theface after shaving is as readiiy removed from the face by washing. The{Egg product also can be made of such consistency that while it isfreely washed from the razor, it not fall from the razor during shavingwhich is, of

course, undesirable. It will be understood that the wetting propertiesheretofore referred to cause the cream as a whole to wet through thegreasy layer on the skin and base of the heard when it is put on theface, thereby forming an intimate contact of the water phase of thecream and skin at the base of the beard so that the softening 49 actionis the same or better than that employed by using a soap and brush.

The class of compounds which I havediscovered have a well-balanced ratioof their oleophillic and hydrophillic properties; that is to say, thepolar and non-polar groupings are present in the molecule in a way thatcauses the composition as a whole to have both water wetting and oilwetting properties. These compounds, therefore, while having a markedhydrophillic character, making them readily miscible or soluble inwater, also have oily properties which give them excellent lubricatingvalue during shaving. The combination of hydrophillic and oleophillicproperties enables the compound as a whole to penetrate through thegreasy layer on the skin, carrying the cream as a whole with it and atthe same time enabling the user to remove all the deposits remainingafter shaving with water.

Substances of the kinds set out are numerous and of widely difieringchemical compositions. They possess this factor in common,however, thatthey all possess oleophillic and hydrophillic groupings in the samecompound.

The oleophillic or non-polar part of the molecule is formed by ahydrocarbon chain of not less than eight carbon atoms. This chain-may bein the form of a long chain alkyl group or groups; it may b in the formof aralkyl groups or radicals of long chain fatty acids or long chain'alcohols. The hydrophillic part of the molecule consists of a grouphaving a definte attraction for water,

such as a number of hydroxy groups or an inorganic acidic group such asa sulphuric acid radical, phosphoric acid radical, esters of such acidas short chain organic chemicals like isethionic acid or esters withpolyhydric alcohols like glycol mono-sulphuric acid,'etc. Thehydrophillic group is connected with the oleophillic or non-polar groupeither directly as in the case of sulphonic acid or phosphonic acidderivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons; or said compounds may be in theform of esters of long chain aliphatic alcohols, such as sulphuricesters of alcohols or phosphoric esters of alcohols. The compounds whichI employ may also be of a type wherein the oleophillic and hydrophillicgroups are interconnected through the residue of a carboxyl group. Thus,for example, on one side of the residue of a carboxyl group there may bea long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical such as a higher fatty acidradical and on the other side there may be an acid group or an acidgroup joined thereto through an aliphatic group such as an ethionic acidradical, or through an ester of a polyhydric alcohol with a strong acidas, for example, glycerin mono-sulphonic acid esterified with a higherfatty acid; or the hydrophillic group may comprise an amine group whichmay be substituted in the same way as the carboxy radical. The freevalences in the --CO--- group may be substituted by a monovalent or apolyvalent alcohol radical, by an N'H'z group or an organic amineradical, and a hydrophillic group may be linked to an oleophillic groupsuch as in the sulphonated oils or other derivatives of that type.

In order to teach those skilled in the art the full scope of myinvention, I shall name a few representatives of the diiferent classesof com.- pounds indicated. As a sulphonic acid, I wish to cite the cetylsulphonic acid as described by, Reychler in the Kolloidal Zeitschrift,volume 12, page 277. As another one of this kind, I wish to mention thecompound. C1eHaaCHOH-CHzSOaNa which is disclosed in British Patent358,583. As an ester of a long chain alcohol, I wish to mentionsulphuric acid esters of lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and cetylalcohol.

As derivatives of fatty acids, I wish to mention sulphonated castor oil,butyl sulpholeic acid and similar derivatives as disclosed in UnitedStates Patents 1,822,977, 1,822,978 and 1,822,979,,or the sulphonatedmono-oleyl ethylene glycol as disclosed in French Patent 721,340, or thefatty acid derivative of ethane sulphonic acid as described in UnitedStates Patent 1,881,172, or compounds like lecithin.

There are still other compounds which may be referred to briefly, suchas sulphonated oleyl amide; compounds of amides of'fatty acids in whichthe amide group is substituted with isethionic acid or other similarderivatives. The main feature is that all of these compounds mentionedas well as all other of the class are excellent emulsifying agents; theyare first class wetting agents due to their prominent hydrophillicgroups and excellent lubricating agents due to their oleophillic groups.

While the original application referred to hereinabove, of which thepresent application is a continuation-in-part, was directed originallyto the inclusion in a brushless shaving cream of a proportion of any oneof the substances coming within the various classifications referred. toin preceding paragraphs, that application has since been amended tolimit the claims in respect to the character of the emulsifying andwetting agent employed. The present application is, therefore, directedto the use in shaving creams of derivatives of compounds having a COO-group of a type wherein the hydrophillic property is impartedto thesubstance as a whole by at least one oxygenated inorganic acid radical.Examples of such substances are sulphonated castor oil (it should benoted that s11.- phonated in this sense, while a commonly used term, isa misnomer because so-called sulphonated oils of the Turkey red oil typeare really sulphated oils); sulphonated unsaturatedfatty acids such assulphonated oleic acid; sulphonated (sulphated) fatty acid esters ofalcoholic radicals or alkylene substances such as sulphonated(sulphated) mono-stearyl glycerol in which either one or both of thefree hydroxy groups of the mono-stearyl glycerol are esterified withsulphuric acid. In this case, the sulphuric acid radical is neutralizedby a cation such as sodium, potassium, or ammonium hydroxide. In thelatter case, the fatty acid esteri" fied with the alcoholic group mayalso be unsatu rated as, for example, in mono oleyl glycerol, "and insuch case the double bonds of the unsaturated carbon chain may alsobesulphonated or they may be unsulphonated. Methods are well known andpublished in the literature for producing either type of substance.Numerous examples of sulphated fatty acid esters having an alkylenegroup'may be given, such as sulphonated mono-oleyl ethylene glycol,French Patent No. 721,340, previously referred to.

I may express the type of substances used in. accordance with thepresent continuing application by stating that they all have the generalformula (R,C0O) X, wherein R is a carb'on chain of at least seven carbonatoms which may include its substitution products such as a hydroxy,sulphonic, phosphonic group or groups, and sulphuric and phosphoric acidesters. In this formula, 11. may be one, two or three, depending uponthe number of fatty acid radicals present in the compound; X may behydrogen, an alkyl or alkylene group, or their oxyor hydroxy subasdescribed in and 80%.

arcane oleic acid ester of glycerol (phosphated); sulphuric acidester of'dilauryl glycerol; and propyl ester of sulphonated oleic acid.

The creams consist for the most part of a fatty body like the stearicacid or any other solid fatty acid like palmitic acid, etc., with orwithout a solid fat like hydrogenated fats, lard, waxes, etc., ormixtures thereof. The quantity may range from to 30% depending upon thehardness of the particular vehicle. A certain proportion of soap may beused, ranging from 2 to or may be omitted. The emulsifying and wettinagent required may range from about to 5% or more. Perfumes and otherantiseptic agents may be used in a small percentage as required. Thewater content preferably ranges between 50 The resulting product is acream of whatever consistency may be desired; a cream which is stable,which when put on the face immediately penetrates the grease layer andspreads untila very thin layer is obtained and which washes ofi veryeasily with water by dissolving or dispersing in the water solution; acream which will not thin out on the face and fall off the razor duringshaving.

For the better understanding of those skilled in the art, I givehereinbelow some representative examples of brushless shaving creamsmade in accordance with the present invention:

. Percent (1) Stearic acid 20 Soap 5 Butyl ester of sulphonated oleicacid 3 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 71.4

Percent (2) Stearic acid Palmitic acid 5 Snap 5 Mono-stearyl glycerolsulphate (sodium salt) 10 darbolic acid .1 Perfume .25 Menthol crystal s.25 Water 64.4

I Percent (3) Stearic acid Soap 2.5 Caustic potash 1 Sulphonated castoroil 2 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 73.9

In compounding the ingredients, the water is heated and the soap, ifused, is dissolved therein. Then the stearic acid is melted and run intothe water in a thin stream while agitating the water, and agitation iscontinued after all of the stearic acid has been run in until a heavyemulsion has been formed. The emulsifying agent is then added and thesurface tension immediately de creases and the whole composition thinsout until at the elevated temperature used it is almost as thin aswater. The emulsion is then allowed to cool, continuing to stir it whilecooling if necessary, until it reaches a temperature of about 40 C. Theperfume and antiseptic are then added. The cream is then completed andwhile still at approximately 40 C. is placed in containers such ascollapsible tubes or jars.

The examples given above are not by any means limiting insofar as theamount of materials used and character thereof is concerned. Forexample, instead of using soap, I may use caustic soda or caustic potashwhich forms a soap with a free fatty acid if present. Other examples areas follows:

' Percent (4) Parafiin fatty acids Oleic acid ester of isethionic acid(salt) 3 Ethylene glycol 5 Caustic potash 5 Phosphated derivative ofcocoanut oil fatty acid esters of diethylene glycol 3 Carbolic acid 0.1Perfume a; 0.5

Water 71.4

Percent (7) Palmitic acid 20 Triethanol amine 5 Sulphonatecl ricinoleicacid esterified with ethylene glycol 5 Carbolic acids; 0.1 Perfume 0.5Water 68.9 Methanol .5

In my disclosure, I do not Wish to limit myself either to proportions orto chemical procedure. In fact, substantially a. y composition of matterof this kind may used as long as it contains a proper vehicle. Suchvehicle may be stearic acid or other fatty acid, vegetable fat ormineral fat or parafi'in or any other fat or wax, like carnauba,synthetic wax like Rigolan wax, and an emulsifying agent with highwetting power that has both oleophiliic and hydrophillic groups of thenature described and performing the function indicated falls within thelimit of my disclosure.

The term fsoluble is used in the claims in a broad sense to include thecharacteristics of both molecular and colloidal dispersibility in water.

What I' claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of theUnited States is:

ii A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emusion of oleaginousmaterial and water. and having included therein a proportion of achemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in themolecule and having the general formula wherein R is a hydrocarbonradical with at least seven carbon atoms, its hydroxy and sulphonicsubstitution products, and sulphuric and phosphoric acid esters; n is aninteger and stands for one, two or three, and X is hydrogen, an alkyl,akylol, or alkylene group, the oxy, hydroxy, and sulphonic acidsubstitution products and their sulphuric and phosphoric'acid esters,the compound as a whole having at least one inorganic oxygenated acidradical, the ingredients Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 71.4

Percent (5) Stearic acid 25 Soap 2 Glycerine 2 Cocoanut oil fatty acidesters of isethionic acid (salt) 1 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5

Water 69.4

Percent (6) Hydrogenated cocoanut oil fatty acid.. 15

till.

above-mentioned being present in substantially the followingproportions:

Oleaginous material About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80%Chemical compound- About to about 2. A brushless shaving creamcomprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and wa ter andhaving included therein a proportion of a chemical compound havingoleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule, said chemicalcompound comprising relatively high n'iolecularweight carboxylic acidester of a polyhydrlc alcohol wherein at least one hydroxy group of thealcohol is-esterifiecl with an oxygenated sulphur or phosphorusinorganic acid and salts thereof, the ingredients above-mentioned beingpresent in substantially the following proportions:

O leaginous materiaL- About to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80%Chemical compound About A% to about 3. A brushless shaving creamcomprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and water andhaving included therein a proportion of a chemical compound havingoleophillic and bydrophillic groups in the molecule, said chemicalcompound comprising a salt of a relatively high molecular weight fattyacid ester of a polyhydric alcohol wherein at least one hydroxy group ofthe alcohol is esterified by sulphuric acid, the ingredientsabove-mentioned being present in substantially the followingproportions:

Oleagincus materiaL- About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80%Chemical compound" About to about 1.0%

i. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginousmaterial and water and having included therein a proportion of achemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in themolecule, said chemicai compound comprising an alkali salt of asulphuric acid ester of a relatively high molecular weightmonoglyceride, the ingredients above-mentioned being present insubstantially the following proportions:

Oleaginous material" About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80%Chemical compound" About /z% to about 10% 5. A brushless shaving creamcomprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and wa-- ter andhaving included therein a proportion of a chemical compound havingoleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule, said chemicalcompound comprising the condensation product or a relatively highmolecular weight fatty acid and iset'hionic acid and salts thereof, theingredients above-mentioned being present in substantially the followingproportions:

Oleaglnous material-.. About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about80% Chemical compouncL- About /g% to about 10% 6. A brushless shavingcream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaglnous material and water anda proportion of an ester of oleic acid and isethionic acid of thegeneral formula said cream being in emulsion form, the ingredientsabove-mentioned being present in substantlally the followingproportions:

Oleaginous material" About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80%Chemica1-compound About to about 10% '7. A brushless shaving creamcomprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and water andhaving included therein a proportion of a chemical compound havingoleophillic and bydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprising asulphonated oil, the ingredients above-mentioned being present insubstantially the folllowing proportions:

Oleaglnous material About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80%Sulphonated oil About to about 10% 8. A brlushless shaving creamcomprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and water andhaving included therein a proportion of a chemical compound havingoleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprisingsulphonated castor oil, the ingredients abovementioned being present insubstantially the following proportions:

Oleaginous material" About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80%Sulphonated oil About /2% to about 10% 'uct also containing a minorproportion of a soap.

13. The product of claim 3 wherein the oleaginous material comprises anormally solid fatty acid, said product also containing a minorproportion of a soap.

WOLF KRIICHEVSKY.

